Flip-Flop Calculator

What are Flip-Flops?

Flip-flops are fundamental sequential logic circuits that can store one bit of information. They form the building blocks of memory elements, registers, and counters in digital systems.

Types of Flip-Flops

SR Flip-Flop (Set-Reset)

Has Set (S) and Reset (R) inputs. When S=1, output becomes 1. When R=1, output becomes 0.

• S=0, R=0: Hold current state
• S=0, R=1: Reset (Q=0)
• S=1, R=0: Set (Q=1)
• S=1, R=1: Invalid/forbidden state

JK Flip-Flop

Improved version of SR flip-flop that eliminates the forbidden state by toggling when both inputs are high.

• J=0, K=0: Hold current state
• J=0, K=1: Reset (Q=0)
• J=1, K=0: Set (Q=1)
• J=1, K=1: Toggle state

D Flip-Flop (Data/Delay)

Simplest flip-flop where the next state equals the D input. Used for data storage and synchronization.

• D=0: Next state = 0
• D=1: Next state = 1

T Flip-Flop (Toggle)

Toggles output when T=1, holds state when T=0. Commonly used in counters and frequency dividers.

• T=0: Hold current state
• T=1: Toggle state

Applications

Memory and Storage

• Register design
• Memory cells
• Data latches
• Buffer circuits

Sequential Circuits

• Counters and timers
• State machines
• Frequency dividers
• Shift registers

Examples & Worked Problems

Example 1: JK Flip-Flop

Problem: Current state Q=0, inputs J=1, K=0. Find next state.

Solution:

• J=1, K=0 means SET operation
• Next state Q+ = 1

Example 2: T Flip-Flop Counter

Problem: Design a 2-bit counter using T flip-flops.

Solution:

• T0 = 1 (always toggle)
• T1 = Q0 (toggle when Q0=1)
• Sequence: 00 → 01 → 10 → 11 → 00...

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